Mechanisms contributing to angiotensin II regulation of body weight.

Previous studies in our laboratory have implicated adipose tissue as a potential site for local angiotensin II (ANG II) synthesis. However, functions of ANG II in adipose tissue and the impact of ANG II on body weight regulation are not well defined. To study the effect of ANG II on body weight, a chronic ANG II infusion model was used. In study 1, a low dose of ANG II (175 ng ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1) was infused into rats for 14 days. Plasma ANG II levels were not elevated after 14 days of infusion. ANG II-infused rats did not gain weight over the 14-day protocol and exhibited a lower body weight than controls on day 8. Food intake was not altered, but water intake was increased in ANG II-infused rats. Blood pressure gradually increased to significantly elevated levels by day 14. Thermal infrared imaging demonstrated an increase in abdominal surface temperature. Measurement of organ mass demonstrated site-specific reductions in white adipose tissue mass after ANG II infusion. In study 2, the dose-response relationship for ANG II infusion (200, 350, and 500 ng ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1) was determined. Body weight (decrease), blood pressure (increase), white adipose mass (decrease), plasma ANG II levels (increase), and plasma leptin levels (decrease) were altered in a dose-related manner after ANG II infusion. In study 3, the effect of ANG II infusion (350 ng ⋅ kg-1 ⋅ min-1) was examined in rats treated with the vasodilator hydralazine. Hydralazine treatment normalized blood pressure in ANG II-infused rats. The effect of ANG II to decrease body weight was augmented in hydralazine-treated rats. These results demonstrate that low levels of ANG II infusion regulate body weight through mechanisms related to increased peripheral metabolism and independent of elevations in blood pressure.